Radiology, Radiation Therapy and Nuclear Medicine

Review Criteria Guidelines and Clinical Issues

  List of Contents

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¨ Radiology  

Bone Mass Measurement/Bone mineral density (BMD) testing; Skeletal surveys in children; Scoliosis in children – indications for radiography; Cardiac scans for CAD;  Cerebral angiography;  Chest x-rays, routine;  Cinedefecography; Contrast media; Spine – diagnostic radiology in adults and children; Imaging studies in acute low back pain;  Myelography and Cisternography; Discography; Epidurogram/Epiduroscopy; 

Breast imaging studies: Diaphanography of the breast; Mammography, screening or diagnostic/Digital/CAD mammography; Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Breast: Differential Diagnosis; Breast Ultrasound and Echography;  Stereotactic Breast Biopsy; 

Diagnostic radiology – general;  Extremity x-rays; Knee trauma;  Diagnostic Arteriography – Indications; Cervicocerebral angiography; Digital subtraction angiography (DSA); Infusion Venography; Resources for Angiography Indications;  Abdominal and Gastroenterological X-ray Procedures; Cholescintigraphy (HIDA); Intravenous Pyelography (IVP); Cystography and Urethrography;  Voiding cystourethrography in Children; 

MRI and CT scans - Computerized Tomography (CT) or Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) - Overview; Computerized Tomography (CT or CAT) including extracranial head, brain and thoracic scans; High-resolution CT (HRCT) for Pulmonary Studies; CT for appendicitis;  Spiral CT Scans for Lung Cancer Screening; Helical CT for Pulmonary Embolism Detection; Computerized Axial Tomography (CT) Scans: Pelvis, Abdomen, Abdomen and Pelvis - on the same day; Electron-beam CT screening for coronary artery disease; Ultrasound of peripheral sites (tibia, phalanges) for the selection of patients for pharmacologic treatment of osteoporosis;

MRI Studies - Overview; ‘Standing’ and ‘Sitting’ MRI Scans;  MRI Brain; MRI Orbit, Face, and Neck; MRI Spine; MRI/MRA – Cardiovascular studies;  MRI Abdomen and Pelvis; Tumor staging; Table citing optimal imaging studies by region;  CT Angiogram; MRI and CT-guided biopsies;   Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) including Venography; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy/Nuclear magnetic resonance; Magnetic Source Imaging (MSI)/Magnetoencephalography (MEG); 

Neuroimaging Studies for Headaches; Metastatic bone disease – radiologic evaluation; Percutaneous Drainage/Aspiration of Abscesses and Fluid Collection; Percutaneous Permanent Inferior Vena Cava Placement; Percutaneous Transcatheter Embolization; Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA);  Peripheral Vascular Disease Evaluation; Renal Artery Stenosis – Angiography and Stent Placement;  Spiral CT for Lung Cancer Screening; Thermography;  

Ultrasonography: Overview; Noninvasive cerebrovascular studies of extracranial arteries; Peripheral Arterial Ultrasound Examination Using Pulsed Doppler; Peripheral Venous Ultrasound Examination; Thyroid and Parathyroid Ultrasonography; Transrectal ultrasound for prostate or rectal cancer - biopsy/staging; Pelvic Ultrasound in Females; Sonohysterosalpingraphy; Obstetrical Ultrasonography; Scrotal Ultrasonography; Retroperitoneal Ultrasonography;  Developmental Hip Dysplasia Detection by Ultrasonography; Ultrasound of peripheral sites (tibia, phalanges) for the selection of patients for pharmacologic treatment of osteoporosis; Radiology guideline resources/web links; 

¨ Radiation Therapy/Oncology

Radiation oncology; Combination Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy; Brachytherapy; Brachytherapy for the Prevention of Restenosis in Peripheral Arteries Following PTA of the Femoropopliteal System;  Intracoronary Brachytherapy; Breast Conservation Therapy in the Management of Invasive Breast Cancer; 

Proton Beam Radiotherapy; Stereotactic radiosurgery; Transperineal Brachytherapy for prostate cancer Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy; Radiation Therapy web sites; 

¨ Nuclear Medicine 

Bone scan; CEA scans;  Cardiac Scans – Introduction/Overview, Medicare LMRP; Cardiac scans – thallium and gated pool scans;  Cerebral Scintigraphy for Brain Death; Cholecystokinin Cholescintigraphy/Hepato-biliary scintigraphy; Gastrointestinal scintigraphy; Gated Pool Scan; Indium-III Oxine labeled white blood cells scan; Liver spleen scan; 

Positron Emission Tomography (PET scans); Pulmonary Scintigraphy; Radionuclide scans for Parathyroid localization; Prostate cancer staging scan; Renal Scintigraphy;  Scrotal scintigraphy; Sentinel Lymph Node – Detection, Biopsy; Melanoma/Breast Cancer Staging;  Scans for Infection and Inflammation; SPECT scans; Thyroid studies; Tumor Scintigraphy (Gamma Camera).

¨ Radiology Benefit Management

¨ Web resources for radiology, nuclear medicine and radiation therapy provider manuals. 

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